This book provides the basic knowledge necessary to understand how to design and analyze basic digital logic systems and to know how to simulate these systems using hardware description languages. The systems here include digital logic circuits such as: adders, multiplexers, decoders, multipliers, flip-flops, latches, counters, sequential state machines, cache memories, and basic computers, simplified biological mechanisms that describe the operation of organs such as the kidney, mathematical models (e.g., factorial, greatest of N numbers, multiplication algorithms, polynomials), and artificial intelligence (e.g., artificial neural networks).